Foundations of Christian Leadership, Student Workbook, SW07

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F O U N D A T I O N S O F C H R I S T I A N L E A D E R S H I P

A P P E N D I X 5 2

Five Views of the Relationship between Christ and Culture Based on Christ and Culture by H. Richard Niebuhr, New York: Harper and Row, 1951

Christ the Transformer of Culture

Christ above Culture

The Christ of Culture

Christ against Culture

Christ and Culture in Paradox

Opposition

Tension

Conversion

Cooperation

Acceptance

In putting everything under him, God left nothing that is not subject to him. Yet at present we do not

Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does no change like shifting shadows. - James 1.17 Culture is God’s gift to help man overcome his bondage to nature and fear and advance in knowledge and goodness. Human culture is what allows us to conserve the truth humanity has learned. Jesus’ moral teaching moves human culture upward to a new level. (cf. Phil. 4.8)

Therefore come out from them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you. - 2 Cor. 6.17 Culture is radically affected by sin and constantly opposes the will of God. Separation and opposition are the natural responses of the Christian community which is itself an alternative culture. (cf. 1 John 2.15)

Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law, they are a law for

Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s. - Matt. 22.21

see everything subject to him. - Heb. 2.8

themselves. - Rom 2.14

(cf. 1 Pet. 2.13-17)

(cf. Rom. 13.1, 5-6)

(cf. Col. 1.16-18)

Culture is a product of human reason and is part of a God-given way to discover truth. Although culture can discern real truth, sin limits its capacities which must be aided by revelation. Seeks to use culture as a first step toward the understanding of God and his revelation.

Culture is radically affected by sin but does have a role to play. It is necessary to delineate between spheres: Culture as law (restrains wickedness), Christianity as grace (gives righteousness). Both are an important part of life but the two cannot be confused or merged.

Culture is radically affected by sin but can be redeemed to play a positive role in restoring righteousness. Christians should work to have their culture acknowledge Christ’s Lordship and be changed by it.

Tertullian Menno Simons

St. Augustine John Calvin

Peter Abelard Immanual Kant

Martin Luther

Thomas Aquinas

Lutherans

Roman Catholic

Anabaptists

Reformed

Liberal Protestant