The Evangel Dean Basic Training Resource Handbook

A PPENDIX • 249

II. Four Critical Categories for Assessing Urban Church Planters Working among the Poor

New Testament Senses of Apostleship

The term “apostles” designates three different groups of people. Initially, only the original disciples (meaning “students, learners”) of Jesus were called apostles (meaning “those sent forth with a mission”). Later, the name was given to missionaries involved in church planting who were also eyewitnesses of Christ’s resurrection, such as Paul himself (1 Cor. 9.1-1) and a group of Jesus’ followers other than the Twelve (1 Cor. 15.5, 7). Finally, the designation was extended to people who had never seen Christ but who were involved with apostles in pioneer missionary efforts – Apollos (1 Cor. 4.6, 9); Epaphroditus (Phil. 2.25); Silvanus and Timothy (1 Thess. 1.1, cf. 2.6). The definition of “apostles” as one of the higher gifts to be desired bears evidence to the continued accessibility to this ministry for qualified individuals (1 Cor. 12.28, cf. 31). Corinthian Christians could aspire to become apostles, prophets, or teachers. The term apostle was still used in this broad sense in the post-apostolic writings of the Didache. In his writings Paul also refers to some of his associates as his “co-workers” or his “fellow workers.” Under his pen, this terms seems to have become a technical label to designate people who identified closely with him in his church- planting efforts as frontline, pioneer missionaries. Interestingly, the same people whom Paul calls “apostles” are also referred to as his “co-workers” – Barnabas (1 Cor. 9.5-6, cf. Acts 14.14; Col. 4.10-11), Epaphroditus (Phil. 2.25), Timothy (Rom. 16.21). In 2 Corinthians 8.23, Titus is a co-worker and his lesser companions are apostles. We can therefore deduce that there exists some interchangeability between the terms apostles and co-workers.

~ Gilbert Bilezikian. Beyond Sex Roles: What the Bible says about a Woman’s Place in Church and Family . Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1986. pp. 197-98.

A. Calling: responding to the call of the Lord to plant his church (Cf. “Missionary Calling: The Ground of Apostolic Mission,” in Planting Churches among the City’s Poor: An Anthology of Urban Church Planting Resources , Vol. 2, pp. 98−113)

1. Definition: recognized the call of God and replies with prompt obedience to his lordship and leading