The Kingdom of God, Mentor's Guide, MG02

M E N T O R ’ S G U I D E

Module 2

Theology and Ethics

God’s Reign Challenged

God’s Reign Inaugurated

God’s Reign Invading

God’s Reign Consummated

This curriculum is the result of thousands of hours of work by The Urban Ministry Institute (TUMI) and should not be reproduced without their express permission. TUMI supports all who wish to use these materials for the advance of God’s Kingdom, and affordable licensing to reproduce them is available. Please confirm with your instructor that this book is properly licensed. For more information on TUMI and our licensing program, visit www.tumi.org and www.tumi.org/license .

Capstone Module 2: The Kingdom of God Mentor’s Guide

ISBN: 978-1-62932-022-9

© 2005, 2011, 2013, 2015. The Urban Ministry Institute. All Rights Reserved. First edition 2005, Second edition 2011, Third edition 2013, Fourth edition 2015.

Copying, redistribution and/or sale of these materials, or any unauthorized transmission, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher is prohibited. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to: The Urban Ministry Institute, 3701 E. 13th Street, Wichita, KS 67208.

The Urban Ministry Institute is a ministry of World Impact, Inc.

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bible, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All Rights Reserved.

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Contents

Course Overview About the Instructor Introduction to the Module Course Requirements

3 5 7

Lesson 1 God’s Reign Challenged

13

1

Lesson 2 God’s Reign Inaugurated

39

2

Lesson 3 God’s Reign Invading

69

3

Lesson 4 God’s Reign Consummated

97

4

Appendices

137

Mentoring the Capstone Curriculum

297

Lesson 1 Mentor’s Notes

305

Lesson 2 Mentor’s Notes

315

Lesson 3 Mentor’s Notes

325

Lesson 4 Mentor’s Notes

337

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About the Instructor

Rev. Dr. Don L. Davis is the Executive Director of The Urban Ministry Institute and a Senior Vice President of World Impact. He attended Wheaton College and Wheaton Graduate School, and graduated summa cum laude in both his B.A. (1988) and M.A. (1989) degrees, in Biblical Studies and Systematic Theology, respectively. He earned his Ph.D. in Religion (Theology and Ethics) from the University of Iowa School of Religion. As the Institute’s Executive Director and World Impact’s Senior Vice President, he oversees the training of urban missionaries, church planters, and city pastors, and facilitates training opportunities for urban Christian workers in evangelism, church growth, and pioneer missions. He also leads the Institute’s extensive distance learning programs and facilitates leadership development efforts for organizations and denominations like Prison Fellowship, the Evangelical Free Church of America, and the Church of God in Christ. A recipient of numerous teaching and academic awards, Dr. Davis has served as professor and faculty at a number of fine academic institutions, having lectured and taught courses in religion, theology, philosophy, and biblical studies at schools such as Wheaton College, St. Ambrose University, the Houston Graduate School of Theology, the University of Iowa School of Religion, the Robert E. Webber Institute of Worship Studies. He has authored a number of books, curricula, and study materials to equip urban leaders, including The Capstone Curriculum , TUMI’s premiere sixteen-module distance education seminary instruction, Sacred Roots: A Primer on Retrieving the Great Tradition , which focuses on how urban churches can be renewed through a rediscovery of the historic orthodox faith, and Black and Human: Rediscovering King as a Resource for Black Theology and Ethics . Dr. Davis has participated in academic lectureships such as the Staley Lecture series, renewal conferences like the Promise Keepers rallies, and theological consortiums like the University of Virginia Lived Theology Project Series. He received the Distinguished Alumni Fellow Award from the University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences in 2009. Dr. Davis is also a member of the Society of Biblical Literature, and the American Academy of Religion.

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Introduction to the Module

Greetings in the strong name of Jesus Christ!

Of all the subjects preached and taught by Jesus of Nazareth, none are as significant and controversial as the subject of the Kingdom of God. Both conservative and liberal scholars agree that Jesus’ favorite subject, the one he preached and taught upon most often, is the Kingdom of God. It was his salvation message, master plan, and heart theology. Sadly, the modern Church seems to pay little attention to what Jesus considered to be most important in his prophetic and Messianic ministry. Our hope is that your heart will be gripped by the kingdom story - the King and his Kingdom - and see its importance in the life of personal discipleship and ministry. The first lesson, God’s Reign Challenged , focuses upon God as the sovereign majesty. It discusses how the absolute sovereignty and lordship of God was defied, both by the devil and his angels, and the first human pair, Adam and Eve, through their willful disobedience in the garden. This rebellion produced tragic results in the world, in human nature, and the release of the demonic into the world. In spite of our rebellion, however, God intends to restore all heaven and earth back under his reign, and constitute again a universe where his name is glorified, and his justice and peace rule forever. In our second lesson, God’s Reign Inaugurated , we will explore God’s intent to eradicate all disobedience and rebellion as a result of the Fall - God becomes a Warrior in this fallen realm. God made a covenant with Abraham as his solemn promise to bring a Seed through whom the shalom and justice kingdom reign would be brought back to earth. This covenant promise was renewed with Isaac and Jacob, to the Israelite nation, to the tribe of Judah, and finally to the family of David. Here we trace in bold line the origins of the Messiah, so the reign of God would be brought back into this fallen and sin-cursed world. Jesus of Nazareth is the Kingdom’s presence realized, with God’s reign demonstrated in his incarnation, death, resurrection, and ascension. Lessons three and four deal with God’s Reign Invading and God’s Reign Consummated respectively. Now that our Lord Jesus has died, risen, and ascended into heaven, the Kingdom of God is being proclaimed throughout the world by his Church. The Church of Jesus Christ is the locus–the place or context--of God’s salvation, of the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit, and of authentic kingdom

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shalom , the place where God’s presence and power are freely being displayed. The Kingdom of God will be consummated at the Second Coming of Jesus, where death, disease, and all evil will be put down, all heaven and earth shall be renewed, and God will become All-in-all. The Story of the Kingdom is the story of Jesus, and God’s intent is to bring the world back under his rule in him. Our prayer is that your love and service to him will abound as you study the Word of God on the forever rule of God! We praise God for his kingdom story, and your interest as a student of his Holy Word!

- Rev. Dr. Don L. Davis

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Course Requirements

• Bible and Concordance. (For the purposes of this course, your Bible should be a translation [ex. NIV, NASB, RSV, KJV, NKJV, etc.], and not a paraphrase [ex. The Living Bible, The Message]). • Each Capstone module has assigned textbooks which are read and discussed throughout the course. We encourage you to read, reflect upon, and respond to these with your professors, mentors, and fellow learners. Because of the fluid availability of the texts (e.g., books going out of print), we maintain our official Capstone Required Textbook list on our website. Please visit www.tumi.org/books to obtain the current listing of this module’s texts.

Required Books and Materials

• Paper and pen for taking notes and completing in-class assignments.

• Beasley-Murray, G. R. Jesus and the Kingdom of God . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986. • Ladd, George Eldon. Crucial Questions about the Kingdom of God . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952.

Suggested Readings

• ------. The Presence of the Future . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974.

• Snyder, Howard A. The Community of the King . Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1977.

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Summary of Grade Categories and Weights

Course Requirements

Attendance & Class Participation . . . . . . . . . . .

30% 90 pts

Quizzes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10% 30 pts

Memory Verses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15% 45 pts

Exegetical Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15% 45 pts

Ministry Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10% 30 pts

Readings and Homework Assignments. . . . . . . . .

10% 30 pts

Final Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10% 30 pts

Total:

100% 300 pts

Grade Requirements

Attendance at each class session is a course requirement. Absences will affect your grade. If an absence cannot be avoided, please let the Mentor know in advance. If you miss a class it is your responsibility to find out the assignments you missed, and to talk with the Mentor about turning in late work. Much of the learning associated with this course takes place through discussion. Therefore, your active involvement will be sought and expected in every class session. Every class will begin with a short quiz over the basic ideas from the last lesson. The best way to prepare for the quiz is to review the Student Workbook material and class notes taken during the last lesson. The memorized Word is a central priority for your life and ministry as a believer and leader in the Church of Jesus Christ. There are relatively few verses, but they are significant in their content. Each class session you will be expected to recite (orally or in writing) the assigned verses to your Mentor. The Scriptures are God’s potent instrument to equip the man or woman of God for every work of ministry he calls them to (2 Tim. 3.16-17). In order to complete the requirements for this course you must select a passage and do an inductive Bible study (i.e., an exegetical study) upon it. The study will have to be five pages in length (double-spaced, typed or neatly hand written) and deal with one of the aspects of the Kingdom of God which are highlighted in this course. Our desire and hope is that you will be deeply convinced of Scripture’s ability to change and practically affect

Attendance and Class Participation

Quizzes

Memory Verses

Exegetical Project

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your life, and the lives of those to whom you minister. As you go through the course, be open to finding an extended passage (roughly 4-9 verses) on a subject you would like to study more intensely.The details of the project are covered on pages 10-11, and will be discussed in the introductory session of this course. Our expectation is that all students will apply their learning practically in their lives and in their ministry responsibilities. The student will be responsible for developing a ministry project that combines principles learned with practical ministry. The details of this project are covered on page 12, and will be discussed in the introductory session of the course. Classwork and homework of various types may be given during class by your Mentor or be written in your Student Workbook. If you have any question about what is required by these or when they are due, please ask your Mentor. It is important that the student read the assigned readings from the text and from the Scriptures in order to be prepared for class discussion. Please turn in the “Reading Completion Sheet” from your Student Workbook on a weekly basis. There will be an option to receive extra credit for extended readings. At the end of the course, your Mentor will give you a final exam (closed book) to be completed at home. You will be asked a question that helps you reflect on what you have learned in the course and how it affects the way you think about or practice ministry. Your Mentor will give you due dates and other information when the Final Exam is handed out.

Ministry Project

Class and Homework Assignments

Readings

Take-Home Final Exam

Grading

The following grades will be given in this class at the end of the session, and placed on each student’s record:

A - Superior work

D - Passing work

B - Excellent work

F - Unsatisfactory work

C - Satisfactory work

I - Incomplete

Letter grades with appropriate pluses and minuses will be given for each final grade, and grade points for your grade will be factored into your overall grade point average. Unexcused late work or failure to turn in assignments will affect your grade, so please plan ahead, and communicate conflicts with your instructor.

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Exegetical Project

As a part of your participation in the Capstone Kingdom of God module of study, you will be required to do an exegesis (inductive study) on one of the following Scripture passages:

Purpose

Matthew 12.22-30

Mark 10.17-27

Luke 4.16-21

Luke 11.15-23

Luke 18.15-17

Isaiah 11.1-9

The purpose of this project is to give you an opportunity to do a detailed study of a major passage on the Kingdom of God. The hope is that, as you study the passage, you will be able to show how it illumines or makes plain the significance of the Kingdom for the Church. Hopefully, too, you will be able to relate its meaning directly to your own personal walk of discipleship, your leadership in your church, and your urban ministry. This is a Bible study project, and, in order to do exegesis , you must be committed to understand the meaning of the passage in its own setting. Once you know what it meant, you can then draw out principles that apply to all of us, and then relate those principles to life. A simple three step process can guide you in your personal study of the Bible passage: 2. What principle(s) does the text teach that is true for all people everywhere , including today? 3. What is the Holy Spirit asking me to do with this principle here, today , in my life and ministry? Once you have answered these questions in your personal study, you are then ready to write out your insights for your paper assignment . 1. What was God saying to the people in the text’s original situation ?

Outline and Composition

Here is a sample outline for your paper:

1. List out what you believe is the main theme or idea of the text you selected.

2. Summarize the meaning of the passage (you may do this in two or three paragraphs, or, if you prefer, by writing a short verse-by verse commentary on the passage).

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3. Outline one to three key principles or insights this text provides on the Kingdom of God. 4. Tell how one, some, or all of the principles may relate to one or more of the following:

a. Your personal spirituality and walk with Christ

b. Your life and ministry in your local church

c. Situations or challenges in your community and general society

As an aid or guide, please feel free to read the course texts and/or commentaries, and integrate insights from them into your work. Make sure that you give credit to whom credit is due if you borrow or build upon someone else’s insights. Use in-the-text references, footnotes, or endnotes. Any way you choose to cite your references will be acceptable, as long as you 1) use only one way consistently throughout your paper, and 2) indicate where you are using someone else’s ideas, and are giving them credit for it. (For more information, see Documenting Your Work: A Guide to Help You Give Credit Where Credit Is Due in the Appendix.) Make certain that your exegetical project, when turned in meets the following standards:

It is legibly written or typed.

•

• It is a study of one of the passages above.

It is turned in on time (not late).

•

It is 5 pages in length.

•

• It follows the outline given above, clearly laid out for the reader to follow.

• It shows how the passage relates to life and ministry today.

Do not let these instructions intimidate you; this is a Bible study project! All you need to show in this paper is that you studied the passage, summarized its meaning, drew out a few key principles from it, and related them to your own life and ministry. The exegetical project is worth 45 points, and represents 15% of your overall grade, so make certain that you make your project an excellent and informative study of the Word.

Grading

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Ministry Project

The Word of God is living and active, and penetrates to the very heart of our lives and innermost thoughts (Heb. 4.12). James the Apostle emphasizes the need to be doers of the Word of God, not hearers only, deceiving ourselves. We are exhorted to apply the Word, to obey it. Neglecting this discipline, he suggests, is analogous to a person viewing our natural face in a mirror and then forgetting who we are, and are meant to be. In every case, the doer of the Word of God will be blessed in what he or she does (James 1.22-25). Our sincere desire is that you will apply your learning practically, correlating your learning with real experiences and needs in your personal life, and in your ministry in and through your church. Therefore, a key part of completing this module will be for you to design a ministry project to help you share some of the insights you have learned from this course with others. There are many ways that you can fulfill this requirement of your study. You may choose to conduct a brief study of your insights with an individual, or a Sunday School class, youth or adult group or Bible study, or even at some ministry opportunity. What you must do is discuss some of the insights you have learned from class with your audience. (Of course, you may choose to share insights from your Exegetical Project in this module with them.) Feel free to be flexible in your project. Make it creative and open-ended. At the beginning of the course, you should decide on a context in which you will share your insights, and share that with your instructor. Plan ahead and avoid the last minute rush in selecting and carrying out your project. After you have carried out your plan, write and turn in to your Mentor a one-page summary or evaluation of your time of sharing. A sample outline of your Ministry Project summary is as follows:

Purpose

Planning and Summary

1. Your name

2. The place where you shared, and the audience with whom you shared

3. A brief summary of how your time went, how you felt, and how they responded

4. What you learned from the time

The Ministry Project is worth 30 points and represents 10% of your overall grade, so make certain to share your insights with confidence and make your summary clear.

Grading

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God’s Reign Challenged

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Welcome in the strong name of Jesus Christ! After your reading, study, discussion, and application of the materials in this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe how God as Lord, reigns over all, but that his reign was challenged through satanic rebellion in the heavenlies, and through the voluntary rebellion and disobedience of the first human pair on earth. • Demonstrate how this challenge resulted in the curse upon creation, leading to death, and the greatest of all human tragedies, called by the Church, “the Fall.” • How this disobedience by Satan and the first human pair has produced tragic and corrupting results in three spheres of personage and existence: kosmos (the world), sarx (fleshliness of human nature), and kakos (ongoing influence and chaos of the evil one). Read Psalm 2.1-12 . Does God laugh? In one of the most amazing texts in Holy Scripture, we read here of the nation’s desire to oppose the reign of the Lord and his Anointed One. In response to this futile attempt of the nations to break away from God’s kingdom rule, the psalmist suggests that the Lord will laugh at their puny, little efforts to resist his rule. As a matter of fact, the Lord affirms that he has set his King upon Zion, his holy mountain, and that his Son will reign unopposed as Lord of all. The Lord’s Anointed will possess the nations to the ends of the earth, and shall shatter those resistant nations like jars of clay. The psalmist ends this grand vision with a plea to the kings of the earth to be discerning and take warning. They ought to worship the LORD, as King over all, and do right homage to the Son by kissing his feet, lest his wrath and anger are unleashed as they are consumed in his fierce wrath. Let’s agree wholeheartedly with the psalmist in verse 12: “Blessed are all who take refuge in him” (Ps. 2.12). • Recite from memory a passage relating to the challenge of God’s reign. The Reign of the LORD’s Anointed

Lesson Objectives

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Devotion

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After reciting and/or singing the Nicene Creed (located in the Appendix), pray the following prayer: Eternal God, our Father, we thank you that you alone are God, reigning high above the heavens and earth as the Sovereign Lord God. Even though your righteous reign was opposed by angels and humankind, you have restored your reign in your Son, and will soon make all things here on earth as they are in heaven - consistent with your holy and good will. Be glorified through us as we live out your righteous reign in the midst of your people, the Church, as a witness to our communities and our world. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

Nicene Creed and Prayer

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No quiz this lesson

Quiz

Scripture Memorization Review

No Scripture memorization this lesson

No assignments due this lesson

Assignments Due

A World Out of Control

Imagine yourself talking with one of your neighbors about the current condition of society and the world. How would you answer your neighbor if they made the following statement: “From everything that I see in society, and from all appearances in the world, I think that God, if he is real, either is not in control, or is unable to deal with the level of evil within it. Everything is falling apart. God cannot possibly be in control - the world is simply too messed up!” Does this statement jive with your thinking? Why or why not? How might you answer someone who made this suggestion about our world today?

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Evidence of God’s Rule on Earth

While the Bible teaches that God is Almighty, the world appears to be completely unaware of his power and glory. Come up with five reasons why it makes good sense to say that even though the world is reeling from injustice, oppression, and

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violence, God is still an Almighty God, possessing all power and authority, and in full control of all things.

If God Really Loved Us . . .

Imagine yourself called to the home of a dear family whose son was recently killed in a needless gang shootout. As you are there helping to comfort the family, one of the members says before all present, “The fact that this happened shows that God doesn’t really love us. If God really loved us, these kinds of things would never have happened. How could a good God allow this kind of stuff to happen to someone so young and so innocent?” What would your answer be to him and the others who heard this comment in the wake of such a tragedy?

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God’s Reign Challenged

Segment 1

Rev. Dr. Don L. Davis

God as Lord, reigns over all, but his reign was challenged through satanic rebellion in the heavenlies, and through the voluntary rebellion and disobedience of the first human pair on earth. This challenge resulted in the curse upon creation, leading to death, and the greatest of all human tragedies, called by the Church “the Fall.” Our objective for this first segment of God’s Reign Challenged is to enable you to see that: • His lordship was defied, both by the devil and his angels, and the first human pair, Adam and Eve, through their willful disobedience in the garden. • Sin in the world occurs through this defiance of God’s majesty and his personal kingdom reign. • God’s intent is to restore all heaven and earth back under his reign, and constitute again a universe where his name alone is glorified, and his justice and peace will rule forever. • God is the Sovereign majesty of the universe.

Summary of Segment 1

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I. God Almighty, the Triune God, Whose Name Is YHWH (the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), Is Lord of All.

Video Segment 1 Outline

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A. God is self-existent, containing life in and of himself, deriving life from his own person and being.

1. Exod. 3.14

2. John 5.26

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3. Acts 17.25

B. The Lord God is Creator and Owner of all things.

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1. Ex nihilo

2. Gen. 1.1

3. Jer. 10.10-13

4. Indeed, the triune God is the Lord; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, who reigns as King, and created all things for his glory.

C. God’s sovereignty is rooted in his person, and demonstrated in all his works.

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Dr. Lewis Chafer, founder of Dallas Seminary, and Dr. Walvoord, in speaking of God’s sovereignty suggest: . . . the attributes of God make clear that God is supreme over all. He yields to no other power, authority or glory, and is not subject to any absolute greater than himself. He represents perfection to an infinite degree in every aspect of his being. He can never be surprised, defeated, or uncertain. However, without sacrificing his authority or jeopardizing the final realization of his perfect will, it has pleased God to give to [humankind] {men} a measure of freedom of choice, and for the exercise of this choice God holds [humankind] {men} responsible.

Lewis Sperry Chafer and John Walvoord. Major Bible Themes. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975. p. 42.

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1. Dan. 4.34-35

2. The Lord is God, the infinitely perfect God, who is worthy of our worship and obedience.

3. The reign of God has been challenged.

a. By the mortal enemy of humankind, the devil

b. By the first human pair

II. The Devil’s (Satan’s) Rebellion in the Heavenlies Represents the First and Most Serious Challenge to God’s Sovereignty in the Universe.

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A. The Old Testament description of Satan as Lucifer, Son of the Morning

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1. A created being, cf. Col. 1.16

2. A personal being (note his personality in the temptation of Jesus, cf. Luke 4.1-13)

B. The overarching principle of Satan’s rebellion and biblical demonism: resistance to the will of God through pride, self-exaltation, and chaos, Isa. 14.12-17

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1. I will ascend into heaven.

2. I will exalt my throne above the stars of God.

3. I will sit on the mount of the congregation on the farthest sides of the north.

4. I will ascend above to the heights of the clouds.

5. I will be like the Most High.

6. The devil’s fate: vv. 15-17

7. The supreme motive of satanic activity: “I will be like the Most High.”

a. Genesis 3: enticement to adopt this philosophy

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b. Characteristics of rebellion

(1) Self-sufficiency

(2) Independence from God

(3) Self-centeredness

(4) Selfishness

c. Satan’s pride is the beginning of rebellion in the universe, and the ultimate cause of all sin and injustice.

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C. War in the heavenlies: Satan’s sin and the chain of rebellion

1. The fall of a significant number of angels (i.e. demons), Rev. 12

2. The temptation of the first human pair in the garden

III. The Reign of God Was Challenged in the Disobedience of Adam and Eve: the Fall, Gen. 3.

A. The Fall of humankind is unexplainable.

1. They were perfectly and wonderfully made innocent, and therefore able to be deceived.

2. The state of humankind before the Fall

a. They lived for an undetermined amount of time in fellowship with God.

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b. They lived under God’s blessing and care.

c. They were granted dominion over creation, naming the creatures.

d. They walked in communion with God in a perfect environment free from the effects of sin.

e. Made in innocence, they were made in the image of God, possessing a complete personality, able to make moral decisions and follow God’s directions.

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B. The Garden scene of Genesis 3

1. Note the devil: how is he described?

2. The serpent’s conversation with Eve, the mother of all living, regarding the tree of life

a. The serpent’s passion to resist God’s rule, Gen. 3.4-5

b. The tragic response of the woman and man, Genesis 3.6-7

3. The essence of the serpent’s deception: note the parallel with 1 John 2.16

a. Saw it was good for food - lust of the flesh

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b. Pleasant to the eyes - lust of the eyes

c. Power to make wise - the pride of life

d. Note the same parallel in Jesus’ temptation, Matt. 4; Mark 1; Luke 4

C. The tragic result of Adam and Eve’s sinfulness: subordination, struggle and shame, selfishness, estrangement, and finally, death

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Conclusion

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» The triune God is supreme Lord, reigning over all.

» His reign was challenged through satanic rebellion in the heavenlies, and through the voluntary rebellion and disobedience of the first human pair on earth.

Please take as much time as you have available to answer these and other questions that the video brought out. Be clear and concise in your answers, and where possible, support with Scripture! 1. How does the Bible describe the reign and rule of Almighty God in the universe? What is the meaning of the term “sovereignty?” 2. When theologians say that the God of the Bible is “self-existent,” what do they mean? 3. Why is it important for us to teach, consistent with the Bible’s own claims, that God created the world ex nihilo ? 4. According to Scripture, how far does the sovereignty and rule of God extend throughout the world, and the universe? Explain your answer. 5. How would you describe the “overarching principle of Satan’s rebellion” in the universe?

Segue 1

Student Questions and Response

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6. How did the video characterize “the supreme motive of satanic activity?” Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? 7. Satan’s rebellion affected two other spheres of life in the universe. What are they, and what happened as a result? 8. How can we explain the fall of humankind - what reasons can we give for their decision to rebel against the rule and reign of Almighty God? 9. How does Satan’s temptation of Eve parallel with how John the Apostle described the evil that is in the world (e.g. 1 John 2.16)? 10. What was the tragic result of Satan’s rebellion in the heavenlies, and Adam and Eve’s disobedience in the Garden? What term have theologians given for this terrible event?

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God’s Reign Challenged

Segment 2

Rev. Dr. Don L. Davis

The disobedience of Satan and the first human pair has produced tragic and corrupting results in three spheres of personage and existence: kosmos (i.e. the world), sarx (i.e. fleshliness of human nature), and kakos (i.e. the ongoing influence and chaos of the Evil One). Our objective for this second segment of God’s Reign Challenged is to enable you to see that: • The disobedience of Satan and the first human pair has produced tragic and corrupting results in three spheres. • Kosmos represents the present world structure and system of rebellion and sin. • Sarx represents the fleshliness and sinfulness of human nature, with its imputed guilt and result of physical and spiritual death. • Kakos represents the release of Satan and the demonic into the sphere of the universe and world, with his subsequent control and manipulation of human life and structures through the power of evil.

Summary of Segment 2

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I. The Fall’s First Result, the Emergence of the Kosmos : the Greek Word Meaning “This Present World Structure and System of Rebellion and Sin.”

Video Segment 2 Outline

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A. The Fall has produced the kosmos , the current godless world system that operates according to the principles of rebellion that founded it.

1. It operates under the direct authority of the devil, under his direct control, Matt. 4.8-10.

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2. The entire world lies under the sway of the Evil One, 1 John 5.19.

3. The Holy Spirit indwelling believers is greater than the one (Satan) who is in the world, 1 John 4.1-4.

B. Satan, as God’s arch enemy, controls this present world system through its greed, lust, and pride.

1. A domain filled with rebellion, temptation, and injustice

2. A system in deep, ongoing conflict with God

3. A structure which God himself will one day judge and destroy

4. God’s hatred of the present world system, James 4.4

C. Principalities and powers: structures and hierarchies of resistance and sin

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1. The present world system is subject to the participation and interference of various principalities and powers.

2. Spiritual forces of darkness influence and animate the affairs of human beings.

3. Note the opposition to Daniel’s prayer by spiritual forces in Daniel 9-10.

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D. The underlying spiritual impulse of the kosmos : lust, greed, and pride, 1 John 2. 15-17

1. The command to disciples: do not love the world or the things in it.

a. Note the conflict between God and the world.

b. Those loving the world do not possess God’s love within themselves.

2. The world summarized: all that is in the world (the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life) is not of the Father but of the world’s own system.

3. The world system is passing away, as well as its lusts.

4. The first major effect of rebellion in the universe has been the emergence of this world system of lust, pride, and greed.

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II. The Fall’s Second Result, the Sarx : the Twisting and Turning of Human Nature (as Result of Adam’s Transgression). Four Aspects of Sin Are Important to Note.

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A. Personal sin: all that is done, thought, and said in our lives which is against or fails to correspond to God’s character.

1. Rom. 3.23

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2. Lack of conformity to God’s character and will by deeds we’ve done or failed to do

3. Sin as the offshoot of the disobedience of the first human pair who rejected God’s rule

B. Sin nature: the “flesh,” i.e. sinful nature of human beings

1. Rom. 5.19

2. Eph. 2.3

3. Adam’s resistance to God’s reign provided him with a depraved and degenerate nature.

a. Adam’s children share his guilt and nature.

b. Adam’s disobedience reflected now in our will, conscience, and intellect.

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c. The Holy Spirit in the disciple: the power to overcome the flesh, Rom. 8.1-4

C. Imputed sin and guilt: guilty as charged in light of Adam’s sin. How? (See Romans 5.12-18).

1. Rom. 5.12. Sin enters into the world through one man, and death through sin.

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2. Rom. 5.15. Many die through the trespass of one, Adam.

3. Rom. 5.17. Due to the trespass of one, Adam, death has reigned over all humankind through his sin.

4. Rom. 5.18. Condemnation is reckoned on all human beings through the trespass of one, Adam.

5. By God’s reckoning, the entire world, both Jew and Gentile, are said to be under sin, e.g. Rom. 3.9 and Gal. 3.22.

D. Death, the fourth and final aspect of sin’s effect

1. Rom. 6.23

2. Physical death AND spiritual death

a. No union with God

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b. Severed and separated from the source of life

3. The need for redemption: the shed blood of Jesus Christ, John 14.6

III. The Fall’s Third and Most Devastating Result, Kakos : the Release of the Devil and His Demons in the Midst of the World

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A. Introductory truths about the Evil One

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1. The devil’s personal strength cannot be estimated.

a. He possesses the power of death, Heb. 2.14.

b. He possesses the power of sickness, as illustrated in Job’s case, Job 2.7.

c. His ability to withstand God’s people, such as sift Peter as wheat, Luke 22.31

2. The devil is aided by demons who do his will and serve him.

a. He is neither omnipresent, omnipotent, nor omniscient.

b. Through his emissaries he can touch every part of the world.

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B. Kakos is “blasphemer against God”: Satan works as a perpetrator of idolatry and profanity.

1. Sick passion to make himself like the Most High

2. Isa. 14.12-14

3. Satanic longings: the desire for glory and honor only appropriate to God

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4. The devil’s work is essentially blasphemy.

a. Seeks God’s glory for himself

b. Seeks the honor due to God alone

5. How does this passion for supremacy over God work?

C. Kakos is “deceiver of the world”: Satan works as a deceiving spirit among the nations.

1. Paul’s words in 2 Corinthians 4.3-4

2. Jesus’ words in John 8.44

3. The effect of the devil’s ability to lie

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a. The devil is the father (source) of all lies.

b. Deception is the core of satanic activity.

c. All false religion and philosophy originate in demonic and satanic activity.

D. Kakos is “accuser of the brethren”: the work of Satan as the enemy of the people of God.

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1. He seeks to influence Christians directly, but can be effectively resisted.

a. By the blood of the Lamb, Rev. 12.9-11

b. By the armor of God, Eph. 6.10-18

c. By faith in the Word of God (i.e. the shield of faith), Eph. 6.16-17

2. Contrasting the devil’s power and influence over the lost and the saved

a. Oppression and discouragement of the saved

b. Never the indwelling and overcoming of the saved, 1 John 4.4

3. The devil’s work of accusation, Rev. 12.9-11

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4. The antidote to the devil’s accusation: Jesus is our advocate, 1 John 2.1-2.

Conclusion

» God Almighty is Lord and reigns over all.

» God’s reign was challenged through satanic rebellion in the heavenlies, and through the voluntary rebellion and disobedience of the first human pair on earth. » This challenge has produced tragic and corrupting results in three spheres: kosmos (i.e. the world), sarx (i.e. fleshliness of human nature), and kakos (i.e. the ongoing influence and chaos of the Evil One).

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Please take as much time as you have available to answer these and other questions that the video brought out. Be clear and concise in your answers, and where possible, support with Scripture! 1. The Fall’s first result was the production of the kosmos . To what does this Greek term refer? 2. Under whose direct authority and control does the kosmos operate? What is the relationship of the Holy Spirit (who indwells believers) to the kosmos ? 3. According to John the Apostle, through what three elements does the current godless world system operate and function? Explain. 4. What is the relationship that one who loves the kosmos has with the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ? Why? 6. What are the four aspects of sin associated with sarx that now are produced on all people everywhere because of the Fall? 7. According to the video, what is the Fall’s “most devastating result?” What does the kakos possess over humankind in terms of death, sickness, and interference with God’s people? 5. Sarx represents the Fall’s second result. To what does this term refer?

Segue 2

Student Questions and Response

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8. What are the three senses in which kakos , according to the Bible, challenges God’s reign? How do these understandings of kakos help us better comprehend the problems of the city and spiritual warfare today?

This lesson highlights certain key truths regarding the reign of God, and its challenge in Satan’s rebellion and the disobedience of Adam and Eve. The triune God, YHWH (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), is the Sovereign Majesty of the universe, self-existent, who created the world ex nihilo for his glory. As Creator and Owner of all things, God’s sovereignty is rooted in his person, and demonstrated in all his works in creation and his actions in history. God’s reign and right to rule was challenged, initially and most significantly by the devil in his rebellion in heavenlies. The overarching principle of satanic rebellion is pride; his twisted desire to receive the honor and glory that is due to God alone. Satan’s rebellion resulted in the fall of many angels who followed his path, as well as the temptation, disobedience, and voluntary rebellion of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This rebellion in heaven and earth is referred to as “the Fall.” The Fall’s first result was the production of the kosmos , the current godless world system which operates on the power of greed, lust, and pride. The Fall’s second result was the emergence of the sarx , the twisting and turning of human nature, resulting in acts of personal sin, the introduction of a sin nature in human beings (i.e. the “flesh”), imputed sin and guilt through Adam’s trespass, and physical and spiritual death. The Fall’s third and most devastating result was the release of the kakos , the devil who now operates in the world as blasphemer against God, deceiver of the world, and accuser of the brethren. Through Jesus Christ, we can overcome him by the Holy Spirit through the Blood and the word of our testimony, (cf. 1 John 4.4; Rev. 12.9-11).

Summary of Key Concepts

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Now is the time for you to address your own questions in discussion with your colleagues in class. In thinking about this material and the concepts you just reviewed, what particular questions come to mind about it? Maybe the following might spur your own specific and critical questions. * How should you come to understand the meaning of God’s sovereignty in a world so unjust and ungodly? * Is it fair to you that the Bible teaches that our current condition is the direct result of satanic and human rebellion committed centuries ago? * What doesn’t make sense yet to you concerning the results of the Fall? Are there any gaps in your understanding of kosmos , sarx , and kakos ? * Do you struggle at all with the concept of God’s rule being challenged in the first place? In other words, if God was almighty, why did he allow anyone, even Satan, to challenge his reign? * Can God hold others responsible, since it appears that their sin and disobedience is the result of what Satan and Adam did, not what they did? How does this work itself out? * To what degree do we who believe now differ from others who do not know Christ? Are we still subject to the devil’s control, to sin’s power, and to the world’s temptations? What tools, promises, blessings, and provisions has God given us to live under his reign today? Today, tens of thousands of young people participate in gangs which wreak havoc on hundreds of inner city neighborhoods around the country. Many innocent men, women, boys, and girls live in fear of their lives because of the activity and efforts of these gangs, most of whom identify themselves with violence, cruelty, and crime. Yet, for many of those who participate in them, these groups are the only family that they have ever known. Much love, respect, and commitment flow between its members and their families, even though they experience together much pain. In looking at the gang situation in the inner city, how does the theology you studied this week make sense of it. Even further, are there ways that this gang reality is not explained by the themes covered in “God’s Reign Challenged.” What insights help us to understand this city reality better? Gangs in the Inner City

Student Application and Implications

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Mass Murder of Jews in WWII

During the Second World War, over six million Jews were killed during the conflict of the war in Europe. Hundreds of thousands of innocent children and babies were slaughtered due to Hitler’s insane campaign to rid the world of all Jewish people–old men, women, boys, girls, teens, middle aged folk–anyone of Jewish heritage. How can we say that God is in control when so many millions of innocent people have been needlessly tortured and murdered, as in this terrible example of the Jews?

Resistance to Daniel’s Prayer in Daniel 9-10

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In the book of Daniel, we see this godly saint praying to God on behalf of the children of Israel. As you recall, the people of Israel were in captivity due to the injustice and idolatry they practiced before, and, as a result of God’s discipline, he allowed his people to be sent into captivity. In deep intercessory prayer (see Daniel 10), Daniel seeks God after three weeks of mourning. He is visited by an angel who tells him that he ought not to fear, because from the first day that he had set his heart on understanding this and on humbling himself before God his words were heard, and that he, the angel, had come because of Daniel’s prayers. However, “the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me 21 days, but Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, for I was left there with the kings of Persia” (see Daniel 10.12-14). Most believe this is a citation about the kind of spiritual warfare that is taking place all around us, invisible yet potent and real. What is your opinion of this important but controversial case study? How does such a text help or hinder our understanding of God’s reign being challenged today? God as Lord, reigns over all, but his reign was challenged through satanic rebellion in the heavenlies, and through the voluntary rebellion and disobedience of the first human pair on earth. This challenge, known theologically as “the Fall,” has resulted in the curse upon creation, leading to corruption and death. It has produced tragic results in three distinct spheres: kosmos (the production of a godless world system), sarx (the imputed and imparted sin upon human nature), and kakos (ongoing influence and chaos of the Evil One).

Restatement of the Lesson’s Thesis

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If you are interested in pursuing some of the ideas of God’s Reign Challenged , you might want to give these books a try: Chapters 1-4 in Beasley-Murray, G. R. Jesus and the Kingdom of God . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986. “The Ultimate Goal in the Universe” in Billheimer, Paul. Destined for the Throne . Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1975. Chapter 2 in Ladd, George Eldon. The Presence of the Future . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974. Now is the time to try to nail down this high theology to a real practical ministry connection, one which you will think about and pray for throughout this next week. What in particular is the Holy Spirit suggesting to you in regards to the reign of God, and its challenge today? What situations come to mind when you think about how the truth of God’s reign is being challenged, and your own life and ministry today? Give yourself time to meditate in the presence of the Lord on these matters, and he will reveal to you what it is, and what you ought to do as a result of what he reveals. Make a commitment to pray and ask God to provide insight and wisdom into how his reign has been contested in the place where you live and minister. Pray that God the Holy Spirit will provide power to you to give clear testimony where you live and work as to Christ’s kingdom reign, and the offer for new life in Christ as Lord. Pray that God will give you opportunities to communicate clearly and effectively to those whom you are called to minister the truth regarding God’s reign, its challenge, and the effects of that challenge on their lives.

Resources and Bibliographies

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Ministry Connections

Counseling and Prayer

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